BASICS OF PROGRAMMING AND HISTORY OF C

• Define software, the components of a programming software (editor, debugger, compiler, interpreter, linker etc.)
• Algorithm, pseudo codes, flow chart.
• Programming models- procedure oriented and object oriented and the difference.
• The history of c.
• Standard c libraries and the first c program.
• The life cycle and adding comments to a program.

DATA TYPES AND VARIABLES

• Define data types, data type classification- integral and floating
• Data types and their max values
• Variables/ identifiers, variable declaration and its syntax
• Assigning values to a variable
• Adding comments
• Display variable values with printf(), reading variable values with scanf()
• Define format specifies (%f, %d, %s)
• Formatting output
• Data type qualifiers (short, long, unsigned etc)
• External variables (use of extern keyword) and its usage
• Static variables
• Register variables and volatile variables
• Converting data types
• Arrays and multi-dimensional arrays.

CONSTANTS AND OPERATORS

• Declaring constants and define its use
• Enumerating constants using the enum keyword, Typedef
• Using # define and conditional definition.
• Performing operations using operators- arithmetic operators (+,-,*,/,%,++,–)
• Logical operators (and, or, not)
• Assignment operators (=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%=)
• Comparison operator (==, !=, <,>, >=,<=)
• Conditional operator (?:)
• Sizeof operator and operator precedence.

CONTROL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

• Control structures- branching (if, if else, switch) syntax and usage,
• Looping (for, while and do while) with the detailed syntax and context of usage,
• The break and continue statement, goto statement.
• Functions- define what a functions is, function declaration with its syntax, function arguments, calling functions and recursive functions, function in custom headers, multiple source files and static functions.
• Some important built-in math, string and character functions.

POINTERS AND COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS

• Introduce pointers
• Pointing to a variable
• Pointer datatypes, getting and setting values using pointers, pointer arithmetic, pointers and arrays
• Changing variable values with pointers
• Passing pointers to functions
• Array of pointers and pointing to functions.
• Creating command line argument program in c
• The argc and argv arguments
• Build and make a c program
• Passing arguments through command line.

STRUCTURE, LINKED LIST AND FILE HANDLING

• Define structure and its use,
• Declaring a structure,
• Creating instances of a structure,
• Using typedef with structure, nesting of structures and its application,
• Accessing members of a structure,
• Arrays and pointers in structures,
• Structure pointer, collection of structures, structures as function argument,
• Unions and its difference with structures, declaring a union, array of unions, unions as member of structures and pointers to unions.
• Linked list- concept of linked list and dynamic memory allocation using malloc,
• Types of linked list single, doubly linked list, circular linked list), inserting, appending and deleting nodes in singly linked list, grounding the node and emptying the list.
• Explain the concept of dynamic memory allocation and write a program to create a singly linked list and do the basic operations such as insert a node, delete a node and empty the list. Demonstrate the implementation of doubly linked list, circular linked list and its basic operations.
• File handling and Basic graphics
• Introduce the library for file operations and important functions in it.
• The FILE datatype, fopen(), fclose(), file pointers, fscanf(), fprintf(), fputs(), fgets(), fputc(), fgetc(), fread() and fwrite().
• Reading and writing files character wise and as a whole and reporting errors.
• Introduce graphics in C, text mode and graphics mode, graphics used in text mode- window(), cputs(), gotoxy();
• Graphics in graphics mode, INITGRAPH(), closegraph(), circle(), setcolor(), setlinestyle(), setfillstyle(), floodfill(), rectangle(), line();
• Text in graphics mode- outtext(), settextstyle()

FUNDAMENTALS OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• Procedure oriented program approach
• Object oriented programming approach, the difference between two approaches
• Characteristics of oops- class (global and local)
• Object encapsulation, data abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, data hiding
• Modeling real world objects, types of objects
• Kinds of relationships- association, aggregation, specialization and generalization
• Class and object diagram
• Object based and object oriented languages
• Advantages and disadvantages.

BASICS OF C++

• Similarities and differences between C and C++
• Basics of C++, C++ character sets
• Identifiers, keywords;
• Data types- built-in datatypes, derived data types, user defined datatypes, range of data types
• Enum, typedef, typecasting, variables
• Literals or constants- integer constants, character constants and floating point constants
• Operators- arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators
• Precedence of operators, special operators, escape sequence, comments in C++, structure of a C++ program
• Statements in C++ – selection or conditional statements, iterative or looping statements, breaking statements
• Syntax and examples of all these control statements.

FUNCTIONS

• Define what a function is,
• How to declare a function, its basic syntax?
• Function prototype,
• Function definition, function call,
• Actual parameter, formal parameter,
• Call by value, call by reference, call by pointer,
• Types of function- void functions, void functions with parameter, function with parameter and return type,
• Nested functions, recursion,
• Inline function, functions with default arguments,
• Functions with constant parameters,
• Scope rules (local and global),
• Storage class (auto storage, register, extern and static storage specifier)

ARRAYS

• Definition of arrays
• Types of arrays, single dimensional and multi-dimensional.
• Single dimensional array- initializing, accessing and modifying the array elements, STRUCTURE, UNION AND BIT FIELD
• Introduce structure, its declaration
• The dot operator,
• Initialization and using them in program.
• Structure with arrays as its elements, array of structures,
• Initialization of arrays, array of structures,
• Nested structures, accessing nested structure
• Using structure in functions, passing a structure to a function.
• Copying a structure, dynamic structure using malloc(), self-referential structure.
• Union- define what is union
• How to access the members of a union, initialize it?
• Anonymous unions, bit fields and accessing bit fields.
• Use of single dimensional arrays
• Multidimensional- two dimensional arrays, character arrays or string- initialization
• Built-in functions for strings (strcpy, strcmp, strlen, strcat)
• Arrays and functions.
• Passing arrays to functions.

POINTERS

• Declaration of pointers
• Using address of operator, value at/indirection operator
• Pointer arithmetic,
• Pointers and single dimensional arrays.
• Arrays of pointers, pointers and strings, pointers and structure
• Pointers and function, pointers as function arguments, function returns pointer, pointer to function, passing a function to another function
• Pointers to pointers
• Dynamic memory management, new operator, delete operator, constant pointer,
• Free store/memory heap pointer, pointer to void.

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

• Define what a class is
• Declaration of class
• General syntax, defining members, inline functions
• Outline definitions, creating objects, comparison of class and object
• Scope resolution operators
• Arrays within class
• Array of objects
• Objects and functions
• Functions returning object
• Friend function, friend function of more than one class
• Friend class, constant member function, nested function
• Nested class, container class, pointers and objects, dynamic objects, this pointer
• Memory allocation of objects, static data members and member functions
• Structure and class, union and class

CONSTRUCTORS AND DESTRUCTORS

• Explain about constructors, structure of a constructor
• Importance of constructors, characteristics of a constructor
• Types of constructors- default constructors, parameterized constructors
• Default argument constructor, copy constructor, dynamic constructor
• Destructor- importance of destructor, characteristics of a destructor, comparison of constructor and destructor

INHERITANCE

• Structure of inheritance and its syntax
• Types of derivation- public, private and protected
• Importance of inheritance, types of base class- direct and indirect
• Types of inheritance- single level, multi-level inheritance and its syntax
• Multiple inheritance, its syntax and ambiguity
• Hierarchical inheritance its syntax, hybrid inheritance and its syntax and ambiguity
• Virtual base class
• Constructor invocation in inheritance
• Parameterized constructor invocation in inheritance
• Destructor under inheritance, container class.

POLYMORPHISM

• Define polymorphism
• Types of polymorphism
• Compile time (function overloading, operator overloading, template),
• Runtime (virtual function)
• Compile time polymorphism- function overloading, need for function overloading, rules for best matching, function overloading with various datatypes, function overloading with default arguments
• Constructor overloading, operator overloading and its need
• Rules to overload an operator and its advantages
• Syntax for operator overloading, overloading binary operator using member function and friend function
• Overloading assignment operator
• Overloading relational operator
• Overloading unary operator
• List the operators that cannot be overloaded
• Runtime polymorphism
• Virtual functions, need for virtual functions, pure virtual functions, abstract base class, role of abstract base class
• Virtual destructor

FILE ORGANIZATION, TEMPLATES, EXCEPTION HANDLING AND PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVES

• File organization- stream, basic operations with files
• Opening file using constructor and using open () function, reading and writing files, file access modes, closing a file, reading and writing characters (get and put)
• Reading and writing strings, multiple files with same stream, binary files – read () and write() functions
• Random access files, error handling in files, seekg(), seekp(), tellg() etc.
• File handling using commandline arguments.
• Templates – explain what templates are, its uses, different types of templates and its application, class templates.
• Exception handling- its basic structure and syntax and its usage (try, throw and catch), multiple catch block.
• Preprocessor directives- give a brief description about macros, manipulators, unformatted i/o functions, character testing and conversion functions, string manipulation functions.

INTRODUCTION TO JAVA

• Introduction to java Programming
• Environmental Setup
• Java Basics

OOPS CONCEPTS

• OOP Terminology
• Class & Object Creation
• Built-in Class Attributes
• Object Destruction.
• Class Inheritance
• Function Overloading
• Data Hiding
• GUI

FUNCTIONS MODULES, INTERFACES, INHERITANCES & EXCEPTIONS

• Function Implementation
• Function Arguments
• Anonymous Function
• Function Return
• Scope of Variables
• Assertion
• Handling Exceptions using: try-catch Try with multiple catch
• User defined Exception

THREAD

• Multi-Threading
• Networking
• Thread operations in java
• Multithreading in java
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STRINGS, COLLECTIONS & FILES

• Introduction to Strings
• Collections
• Files

DATABASES & JDBC

• SQL Queries
• DML, DDL, DCL
• Join operations
• MySQL Queries
• Database Connection

PROJECT